Sources

Pricing Data

• CMS NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost), updated weekly
• FDA Orange Book, brand/generic/therapeutic equivalence
• CMS Part D Spending Data (2019-2024)
• AWP/WAC reference pricing from public sources

Regulatory

• Consolidated Appropriations Act (CAA) 2021 and 2026 amendments
• ERISA Section 408(b)(2)(B) fiduciary requirements
• CMS Final Rules on PBM transparency

Industry Data

• IQVIA Institute for Human Data Science
• Drug Channels Institute
• Kaiser Family Foundation Employer Health Benefits Survey